Wood Ferns
Botanical Latin Name: Dryopteris marginalise Common Name: marginal wood fern, male fern, and marginal shield fern. Sun Exposure: Part shade to full shade preferably. The part sun can be tolerated. Hardiness Zones: USDA Zone 3-8. It can tolerate -5 degrees Fahrenheit but should be protected from wind conditions. Mature Height: 2 to 3 feet at maturity and sometimes can grow up to 4 feet tall. Spread: 2 to 3 feet in width. Spacing: From 1.5 to 2 feet spacing between each plant. Growth Rate: Easy to grow with a medium growth rate in good conditions as the underground rhizomes spread slowly. Flowering Time: Nonflowering plant. Woodfern fiddleheads emerge in spring. How Long It Flowers: Non-flowering plant. Fern is a year-round evergreen. Flower Color: Non-flowering plant. Soil Requirements: A well-drained soil in part shade to full shade is best. Wood ferns prefer moist, rich, acidic soils. The plant will grow perfectly in a warm and humid climate. Pruning: Woodfern is a no-maintenance plant that can become very dense; pruning is not required unless it is necessary. Flower Form: Dryopteris marginalis is an evergreen plant with no flowers. The leathery fronds can measure up to 24 inches long, with leaflets that grow up to 4 inches in length. Leaflets can number up to 20 pairs on each side of the main leaf. The perennial Dryopteris marginalis plant has attractive foliage that forms an upright crown from the center with fronds curving gently at the tip downward. The new leaves are light green in the spring, but they turn dark green by summer. The deep green color and leathery leaves make this plant a perfect ground cover for its lush, dense foliage. It is the most recognizable of all ferns due to the toughness of the leaves and is considered the most desirable evergreen plant as an ornamental touch for borders, rock beds, and landscapes. The common name marginalis responds to the round brown sori, which are located on the margins of the leaf; the sori turns to a blue-violet, deep color before the spore ripens. This particular fern plant grows in an asymmetric, beautiful pattern.
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Witherod Viburnum – Viburnum nudum
Viburnum nudum, or witherod viburnums, is native to New England, but this hardy perennial thrives in U.S. hardiness zones three through eight. The witherod viburnum has various landscaping uses, including hedgerows, native gardens, and mass plantings, and is perfect for attracting a diverse range of wildlife to both gardens and uncultivated areas. Viburnum nudum is a drought-resistant plant that easily adapts to a range of soil types, including dry and boggy soils. For optimum growth, choose well-drained soil that ranges from average to wet and plant viburnum in full sun to partial shade. The shrub develops into a rounded shape over time and has medium-thick, elliptical leaves that grow opposite the arching branches. The berries and flowers are the true stars of witherod viburnum in native and flower gardens. In early spring, delicate flowers emerge, bringing creamy, white color to hedgerows and gardens. The blooms attract local pollinators and bring native birds and mammals to the property, making the shrub an excellent choice for mass plantings. Some varieties undergo a color change during early summer, with the subtle white blooms transforming into bold pink or purplish flowers. The colorful berries add interest to autumn and winter landscapes. The berries appear in late summer and persist through autumn. The berries change colors several times as they ripen to maturity. Beginning as green berries that brighten to pink and ripen into deep purple, the berries attract birds and other wildlife to the property, giving native gardens a variety of visitors that persist through autumn. The leaves are a variety of rich colors like purple and maroon throughout autumn, making mass plantings of the shrub a colorful addition to uncultivated areas. Witherod viburnum has a moderate growth rate. At maturity, the plant reaches six to 12 feet high with a width of up to seven feet.
Witch Hazel Shrub – Hamamelis virginiana
The Witch Hazel Shrub is a striking deciduous plant. This green-leafed shrub blooms with bright yellow flowers between October and December. The ribbon-like yellow petals usually appear after the leaves have fallen, but sometimes will show up while the oval-shaped yellow autumn leaves still cling to the branches. It also has fruits which will form from fertilized flowers. They first appear as green capsules, but then they turn brown over time. The fact that this shrub’s flowers, fruits, and leaves can all appear on its branches at the same time is the reason for its scientific name. Hamamelis loosely translates as “together with fruit.” Its hardy nature makes it an easy to grow shrub. Because of this, it is very popular amongst gardeners as a shrub hedge or screen. Its fragrant flowers often lead to it being grown in an area where its pleasant scent is noticeable. It is often the last bit of color in a garden due to its late bloom. This shrub can be planted successfully in USDA zones 3 to 9. It requires a lot of sunlight and does best in full sun or partial shade. Flowering will peak in full sun. It does well in moist, acidic soil and can also handle heavy clay soil. It can grow up to 30 feet tall and 15 feet wide in the best conditions. The height increases by 13 to 24 inches each year, giving it a slow to medium growth rate. Pruning can be done in early spring to keep the shrub from growing that large if preferred. This plant requires very little maintenance to flourish and rarely has any insect or disease problems. The sunny yellow flowers of this shrub add a glow of happiness to yards and gardens. The delightful fragrance of those flowers creates and even more cheerful atmosphere. It is so easy to care for that it is a great fit for even the most hands-off gardeners.
Wisteria Vine – Wisteria sinensis
Famously known as a rapid climber and explosive grower, Wisteria Sinensis is a hardy plant favored by novice and seasoned gardeners alike. With signature blossoms of violet-blue and lavender, Wisteria Sinensis is a twining vine. The location of the plant is incredibly important. It is such an explosive and aggressive grower that stems can easily reach 25 to 30 feet long- the bulk of the plant can burden structures and overwhelm buildings.
The Wisteria Vine produces flowers in a distinctive structure- clusters, also known as racemes. The cluster of flowers are delicate and sprout lush blooms from mid to late spring. The size of the clusters can reach 9 to 20 inches long. A twining vine, the Wisteria requires sturdy support and regular pruning, flourishing optimally in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 9. The Wisteria does not respond favorably to cold weather and needs full sun, although it will tolerate part-shade. It is extremely drought-resistant, suitable for beginners because of acclimatization to poor growing conditions. Without the need for even a proper fertilization routine, this is a rugged plant that can endure through dry spells and will still grow aggressively without fertile, well-drained soil and even vital nutrients- all the Wisteria Vine requires is consistent pruning.
The blooms of each cluster are a bluish-purple tinge with individual flowers contributing to a cluster formation. The cluster in full bloom resembles feather plumes, a curved silhouette composed of a colony of flowers all delicately draped. Different varieties of Wisteria have flowers in white, blue, and pink tones. The stems range from a medium-hued green to brown tone, with the leaves a muted green with faint yellow undertones. Ideal for covering walls because of tremendous growth ability, it is important to note the Wisteria seeds do contain a dangerous toxin and should not be consumed.
