TAMPA, Florida, 10 Eyl\u00fcl (IPS) – Bir hakimin, \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck IQ sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir cinayet mahkumunu idama mahkum etmesi, aktivistlere g\u00f6re be\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nce Y\u00fcksek Mahkemenin zihinsel \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fcleri \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131ndan kurtaran karar\u0131n\u0131n sars\u0131lma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getiriyor.<\/p>\n
24 A\u011fustos\u2019ta John Couey, 49, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l dokuz ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funu tecav\u00fcz edip \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekten idama mahkum oldu. Couey\u2019in avukatlar\u0131 karardan \u00f6nce onun IQ testinde sadece 64 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtip zihinsel \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc olarak kabul edilmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla idama de\u011fil \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapse mahkum edilmesi gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015ftu. <\/p>\n
Florida eyalet kanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6re &com;zihinsel \u00f6z\u00fcr&com; 70\u2019in alt\u0131nda bir IQ seviyesi demek. Ortalam bir ABD vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n IQ seviyesi 100. <\/p>\n
2002\u2019de ABD Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi zihinsel \u00f6zr\u00fcl\u00fclerin infaz edilmesinin yasal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetti. Alt\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7le verilen kararda mahkeme Virginia eyaletinin aksi y\u00f6ndeki yasalar\u0131n\u0131n anayasan\u0131n sekizinci maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Bu madde vah\u015fi ve ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmay\u0131 yasakl\u0131yor. <\/p>\n
Couey davas\u0131nda hakim bu karar\u0131 sorgulamad\u0131 fakat savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sundu\u011fu ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n IQ seviyesini 89 olarak g\u00f6steren testi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne ald\u0131. Couey\u2019in temyize gitme \u015fans\u0131 var fakat temyiz s\u00fcrecinin uzunlu\u011fu ve infazlar\u0131n yava\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle idam mahkumlar\u0131 ortalama 10-12 sene infaz s\u0131ras\u0131nda beklemek zorunda kal\u0131yor. <\/p>\n
Yak\u0131n zamanda verilen IQ testleri \u00fczerine iki ayr\u0131 karar da mahkemelerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck zekal\u0131 san\u0131klarla ilgili davalar\u0131 ele alma bi\u00e7imi \u00fczerindeki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 alevlendirdi. 11 Nisan\u2019da, aktivistlerin zihinsel \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc oldu\u011funa dair itirazlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir mahkum \u00fclkede en fazla idam cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz edildi\u011fi Teksas\u2019ta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. \u00d6te yandan A\u011fustos\u2019ta, iki cinayetten mahkum olan Jose DeJesus, uzmanlar\u0131n ifadeleri sonras\u0131nda mahkeme &com;g\u00f6rece zihinsel \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc oldu\u011funa&com; karar verince idam edilmekten kurtuldu.<\/p>\n
Bu gibi s\u0131n\u0131rda duran davalar konusunda uzman olan avukat Jonathan Brown, IPS\u2019e &com;ABD\u2019de yarg\u0131 sisteminin a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle muhtemelen zihinsel \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fcler infaz ediliyor&com; dedi. <\/p>\n
Amerikan Medeni \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler Birli\u011fi\u2019nden Cassandra Stubbs, sorunun Y\u00fcksek Mahkemenin 2002\u2019de verdi\u011fi karar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorulardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Mahkeme zihinsel \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fck i\u00e7in bir IQ seviyesi belirlemedi veya IQ testlerinin zihinsel \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirlemek i\u00e7in gerekli y\u00f6ntem olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na da de\u011finmedi. <\/p>\n
&com;Florida\u2019da s\u0131n\u0131r 70 ama idam cezas\u0131n\u0131 uygulayan 38 eyaletin her biri kendi s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilir.&com; Stubbs, avukatlar\u0131n konuyu Y\u00fcksek Mahkemeye getirmesiyle bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. <\/p>\n
IPS\u2019in konu\u015ftu\u011fu ba\u015fkalar\u0131ysa di\u011fer sorunlara dikkat \u00e7ekti. Birincisi, standart bir IQ testi olmamas\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu eyalette ya Stanford-Binet testi ya da WAIS III seviye tespit testi kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Washington merkezli \u0130dam Cezas\u0131 Bilgi Merkezi\u2019nden Richard Dieter, bir ceza davas\u0131n\u0131n hangi a\u015famas\u0131nda zihinsel yeterlilik konusunun belirlenmesi gerekti\u011finde de ortak bir yakla\u015f\u0131m bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. <\/p>\n
Avukat Ronald J. Tabak, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bu konunun dava mahkemeye gelmeden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlendi\u011fini ama Y\u00fcksek Mahkemenin bu karar\u0131 hakimin mi yoksa j\u00fcrinin mi verece\u011fini karara ba\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekledi. <\/p>\n
Bu tart\u0131\u015fma, genel anlamda da ABD ve idam cezas\u0131 sistemi \u00fczerindeki tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 y\u00fckseltiyor. \u0130dam cezas\u0131 olan \u00e7o\u011fu eyalette ya infazlar ertelenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ya da j\u00fcriler artan oranda \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 tercih etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6te yandan, Dallas Monitoring News, bu ay yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ba\u015fyaz\u0131da &com;Teksas\u2019\u0131n devlet destekli cinayetlere t\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131yla devam etti\u011fini&com; s\u00f6yleyerek sert bir ele\u015ftiri y\u00f6neltti. <\/p>\n
Teksas ve Florida, idam cezas\u0131yla ilgili bir di\u011fer tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, i\u011fne ile infaz metodu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n da ortas\u0131ndaki birka\u00e7 eyaletten. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Florida\u2019da bir infaz memuru damar\u0131n\u0131 bulamay\u0131nca bir mahkum 34 dakika boyunca k\u0131vranarak \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
1973\u2019ten bu yana verilen 2 binden fazla idam cezas\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ABD adalet sistemine olan g\u00fcveni sarsm\u0131\u015f durumda. ABD, idam cezas\u0131 konusunda d\u00fcnyada da gitgide yaln\u0131zla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
TAMPA, Florida, 10 Eyl\u00fcl (IPS) – Bir hakimin, \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck IQ sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bir cinayet mahkumunu idama mahkum etmesi, aktivistlere g\u00f6re be\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nce Y\u00fcksek Mahkemenin zihinsel \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fcleri \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131ndan kurtaran karar\u0131n\u0131n sars\u0131lma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getiriyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-headlines"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}