LONDRA, 12 Aral\u0131k 2012 (IPS) – 25 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 8 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Mihail Gorba\u00e7ov ve Ronald Reagan Orta Menzilli N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7ler Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 (INF) imzalad\u0131. Bu tarihi anla\u015fma, 1980\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019ya getirilen ve karadan f\u0131rlat\u0131lan bir dizi modern silah\u0131n \u2013SS20\u2019ler, cruise ve Pershing f\u00fczeleri- ortadan kalkmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu geli\u015fme pek \u00e7ok ana ak\u0131m askeri ve siyasi uzman\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131 ama Reagan ile Gorba\u00e7ov\u2019un Ekim 1986\u2019da bulu\u015ftuklar\u0131 Reykjavik Zirvesi\u2019ne kadar g\u00f6sterdikleri m\u00fccadeleyi alaya ald\u0131klar\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f aktivistlerince heyecanla kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n
Gorba\u00e7ov sivil toplumun bu konuda oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol\u00fc \u00f6vg\u00fcyle anlatt\u0131. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce kendisine Reagan\u2019a nas\u0131l olup da g\u00fcvendi\u011fi soruldu\u011funda, ona asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7 g\u00fcvenmedi\u011fini, ancak Avrupa bar\u0131\u015f hareketi ve Greenham Common\u2019daki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m kendisinden geldi\u011fi halde ABD\u2019nin aksi y\u00f6nde hareket etmemesini sa\u011flayacaklar\u0131na duydu\u011fu g\u00fcven nedeniyle Reykjavik\u2019e gidip n\u00fckleer silahs\u0131zlanma anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermek y\u00f6n\u00fcnde risk ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. <\/p>\n
Gorba\u00e7ov, Rus ve Amerikal\u0131 bilimcilerin olas\u0131 bir n\u00fckleer sava\u015f\u0131 takip edecek &com;n\u00fckleer k\u0131\u015f&com; halinde d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fam\u0131n ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ortadan kalkaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan etkilendi\u011fini de anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
O g\u00fcnden bu yana, n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n insani sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerine bir yakla\u015f\u0131m ana ak\u0131m tart\u0131\u015fmalarda yer alam\u0131yordu. H\u00fck\u00fcmet yetkilileri, silah denet\u00e7ileri, onlar\u0131 fonlayanlar ve g\u00fcvenlik uzmanlar\u0131 n\u00fckleer silahs\u0131zlanman\u0131n ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc zor askeri-teknik bir mesele oldu\u011fu ve bunu sadece n\u00fckleer silah sahibi devletlerin y\u00fcr\u00fctebilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki reel politika yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini sa\u011flad\u0131lar. <\/p>\n
B\u00f6yle bir yakla\u015f\u0131m n\u00fckleer silah sahibi devletlerin elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirirken, silahs\u0131zlanma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapan n\u00fckleersiz \u00fclkeleri de marjinalize ederek yedek kul\u00fcbesindeki oyunculara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. So\u011fuk sava\u015f silah kontrol mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n ana arac\u0131 olan N\u00fckleer Silahs\u0131zlanma Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (NPT) uzun zamand\u0131r sorunlu bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ancak taraftarlar\u0131 yeterince de\u011fi\u015fiklikle NPT rejiminin ve izleme mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r kalabilece\u011fini umuyordu. So\u011fuk sava\u015f\u0131n sona ermesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan olanaklar\u0131 harcayan politika y\u00f6nelimi, ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadaki ger\u00e7ek n\u00fckleer tehditleri ele almay\u0131 ba\u015faramazken, NPT, paradoksal bir bi\u00e7imde, bir grup \u00fclkenin g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131nda n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir ara\u00e7 haline geldi.<\/p>\n
Bu y\u00fczden, ABD D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 23 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Ortado\u011fu\u2019da kitle imha silahlar\u0131ndan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00f6lge olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan konferans\u0131n &com;var olan durum ve b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin bir konferans i\u00e7in asgari ko\u015fullar \u00fczerinden anla\u015famamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 toplanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131&com; a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 s\u00fcrpriz olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sadece birka\u00e7 hafta \u00f6nce konferansa kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan \u0130ran, beklendi\u011fi \u00fczere bu olana\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi ve 2010 NTP De\u011ferlendirme Konferans\u0131\u2019nda karar\u0131 al\u0131nan konferans\u0131 &com;\u0130srail\u2019in hat\u0131r\u0131na engelledi\u011fini&com; s\u00f6yleyerek ABD\u2019yi ele\u015ftirdi. <\/p>\n
Arap Ligi\u2019nin Genel Sekreteri Nabil Elaraby, konferans\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenememesinin &com;b\u00f6lgesel ve uluslararas\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik d\u00fczenini n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi konusunda olumsuz etkileyece\u011fini&com; s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail Gazze\u2019deki Filistinlileri bombalarken, \u0130srailliler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ate\u015flenen f\u00fczelerden zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. N\u00fckleer silahlar, g\u00fcvenlik getirmek bir yana, Ortado\u011fu, G\u00fcney Asya, Kuzeydo\u011fu Asya ve Avrupa gibi kaynayan b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015ftirildik\u00e7e ger\u00e7ek g\u00fcvenlik gereklerinin arka planda kalmas\u0131na ve bar\u0131\u015fa y\u00f6nelik ciddi bir tehdidin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden oluyor. <\/p>\n
N\u00fckleer cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k maskesi arkas\u0131na saklanan n\u00fckleer sahibi devletler, sanki bu silahlar\u0131 ku\u015fanarak ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n onlar\u0131 kullanmas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe duymay\u0131 b\u0131rakabileceklermi\u015f gibi &com;n\u00fckleer ter\u00f6rizmi \u00f6nlemek&com;ten bahsederek durumu daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftiriyor. <\/p>\n
N\u00fckleer Silahlar\u0131 Ortadan Kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Uluslararas\u0131 Kampanya (ICAN), K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7 ve artan say\u0131da h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen yeni giri\u015fimler n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n insani sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerine ilgi do\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
22 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Norve\u00e7 D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Epsen Barth Eide, BM \u00fcyesi t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerini 4-5 Mart 2013\u2019te Oslo\u2019da d\u00fczenlenecek ve n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n insani sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ele al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 konferansa \u00fcst d\u00fczey temsilcilerini g\u00f6ndermeye davet etti.<\/p>\n
Konferans\u0131n amac\u0131 &com;eldeki verilere ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n yarataca\u011f\u0131 insani ve kalk\u0131nma odakl\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131. \u0130lgi duyan t\u00fcm h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, BM kurumlar\u0131, sivil toplum temsilcileri ve di\u011fer ilgili payda\u015flar konferansa davetlidir.&com;<\/p>\n
Bu konferans, yaln\u0131zca ilk patlaman\u0131n yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131klar, yang\u0131nlar ve milyonlarca insan\u0131 etkileyecek radyasyonun etkilerini konu\u015fmak \u00fczere bilim insanlar\u0131 ve doktorlar\u0131 de\u011fil; g\u0131da yetersizli\u011finin yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k, evsiz kalacak milyonlarla ilgilenecek kurumlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere, \u015fu an var olan k\u00fcresel cephaneli\u011finin sadece y\u00fczde 1\u2019inin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ya\u015fanacak n\u00fckleer k\u0131\u015f gibi uzun vadeli etkilerini de ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Liderlerin \u2013ayn\u0131 Gorba\u00e7ov\u2019un yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi- insani ve \u00e7evresel a\u00e7\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi gerekiyor. <\/p>\n
N\u00fckleer silah\u0131 olmayan \u00fclkelerin veto haklar\u0131n\u0131 silahlanm\u0131\u015f kom\u015fular\u0131na devredip pasif destek\u00e7iler gibi davranmaktan vazge\u00e7mesi gerekiyor. Geleneksel silah denetimine kar\u015f\u0131t olarak, insani silahs\u0131zlanma yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 herkesin bu konuda ad\u0131m atma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hakk\u0131 ve sorumlulu\u011fu bulundu\u011funu kabul ediyor. <\/p>\n
Bu amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmenin en iyi yolu n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131 yasaklamak ve ortadan kald\u0131rmak N\u00fckleer silah\u0131 olmayan \u00fclkeler bir kez kendi g\u00fc\u00e7lerini ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 fark ettiklerinde, bu y\u00f6ndeki bir anla\u015fman\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinden \u00e7ok daha kolay ve yak\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6recekler. Hukuki d\u00fczlemi de\u011fi\u015ftirince, b\u00f6ylesi bir anla\u015fma n\u00fckleer sahibi h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri zay\u0131flatarak ve g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla ilgili anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirerek t\u00fcm oyunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f olacak ve ilelebet yay\u0131lma yerine \u00fczerinde ortakla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir silahs\u0131zlanma hareketi do\u011furacak. (END\/COPYRIGHT IPS)<\/p>\n
* Rebecca Johnson, Acronym Institute\u2019\u00fcn kurucu orta\u011f\u0131 ve y\u00f6neticisidir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda N\u00fckleer Silahlar\u0131 Ortadan Kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Uluslararas\u0131 Kampanya (ICAN) ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
LONDRA, 12 Aral\u0131k 2012 (IPS) – 25 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 8 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Mihail Gorba\u00e7ov ve Ronald Reagan Orta Menzilli N\u00fckleer G\u00fc\u00e7ler Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 (INF) imzalad\u0131. Bu tarihi anla\u015fma, 1980\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019ya getirilen ve karadan f\u0131rlat\u0131lan bir dizi modern silah\u0131n \u2013SS20\u2019ler, cruise ve Pershing f\u00fczeleri- ortadan kalkmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":80,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-headlines"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/80"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=134"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/134\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}