B\u0130RLE\u015eM\u0130\u015e M\u0130LLETLER, 9 Aral\u0131k, 2010 (IPS) – 1980\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n kabuslar\u0131 hafiflerken ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ronald Reagan ve Rusya devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mikhail Gorba\u00e7ov \u0130zlanda\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Reykavik\u2019te bulu\u015farak &com;n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131&com; konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Aradan 20 y\u0131ldan uzun bir zaman ge\u00e7mi\u015fken k\u00fcresel siyaset liderleri hala devasa n\u00fckleer cephanelikler olu\u015fturmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. <\/p>\n
Silahs\u0131zlanma, Bar\u0131\u015f ve G\u00fcvenlik konular\u0131 \u00fczerine Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler STK Komitesi\u2019nden verilen 2010 istatistiklerine g\u00f6re \u015fu an dokuz devlet n\u00fckleer silaha ya da n\u00fckleer silah geli\u015ftirip da\u011f\u0131tacak yetene\u011fe sahip. Bu \u00fclkeler i\u00e7inde yer alan ABD ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n cephanelikleri toplam silahlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 95\u2019ine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyor. <\/p>\n
Y\u0131llar boyunca, \u00f6zellikle de ABD d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6ylemi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tart\u0131\u015fma n\u00fckleer tehdidin kendisinin bir devletin d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k Teorisi etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Silahs\u0131zlanma \u00fczerine STK Komitesi\u2019nin bu hafta d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bir panelde konu\u015fan uzmanlar John Burroughs ve Ward Wilson, bu teorinin zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak silahs\u0131zlanma \u00fczerine diyalogu daha yap\u0131c\u0131 alanlara y\u00f6nelmeyi \u00f6nerdi.<\/p>\n
Silahs\u0131zlanma \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Merkezi\u2019nde (CNS) de ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan Wilson uluslar aras\u0131 toplumun &com;bir paradigma de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine, silahs\u0131zlanmaya yakla\u015f\u0131mda Kopernik\u2019in d\u00fcnyay\u0131 anlamam\u0131za sa\u011flayan devrimine e\u015fde\u011fer radikal bir de\u011fi\u015fime gitmesi gerekti\u011fini&com; s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Ona g\u00f6re, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca \u00fclkeler, \u00f6zellikle de ABD cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k teorisini &com;tehlikeli muhtemelen ahlaks\u0131z ancak kesinlikle gerekli&com; olarak de\u011ferlendirdi. <\/p>\n
Fakat Wilson\u2019un ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re tarihin sayfalar\u0131 n\u00fckleer silah tehdidinin ya da kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6nlemedi\u011fini, teslimiyet yaratmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da zaferi garantilemedi\u011fini g\u00f6steren \u00f6rneklerle dolu<\/p>\n
N\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n verimine ili\u015fkin belki de en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan \u00f6rnek Japonya\u2019n\u0131n Hiro\u015fima\u2019ya at\u0131lan atom bombas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan teslim olmas\u0131. Wilson\u2019a g\u00f6re, y\u0131llar boyunca ABD bu trajediyi bir ba\u015far\u0131 hikayesi olarak anlatarak daha sonra n\u00fckleer silah geli\u015ftirmeye bir dayanak olarak kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Wilson\u2019sa Hiro\u015fima\u2019n\u0131n sona yakla\u015f\u0131rken aylarca ac\u0131mas\u0131zca bombalanan 68 Japon \u015fehrinden yaln\u0131zca biri oldu\u011fu gibi, asla ana ak\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131kamam\u0131\u015f ve kenarda kalm\u0131\u015f bilgilere dikkat \u00e7ekerek bu fikri sarst\u0131. <\/p>\n
Hiro\u015fima\u2019n\u0131n bombalanmas\u0131yla ya\u015fanan \u00f6l\u00fcmler say\u0131sal olarak o d\u00f6nemde \u00fclkede ya\u015fanan vah\u015fet s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda ancak dokuzuncu ya da onuncu s\u0131rada yer al\u0131rken, neden Japonlar atom bombas\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan teslim olmay\u0131 se\u00e7ti?<\/p>\n
Wilson\u2019a g\u00f6re sorunun cevab\u0131 efsane yaz\u0131m\u0131ndan ibaret. Pek \u00e7ok tarih\u00e7i, hukuk uzman\u0131 ve akademisyen \u015fimdi Japonya\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte Sovyet i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan ve Negazaki\u2019ye atom bombas\u0131 at\u0131lmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce teslim oldu\u011funu kabul ediyor. <\/p>\n
Bu efsanenin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fta uluslar aras\u0131 insani hukukun ihlali olmak \u00fczere say\u0131s\u0131z hukuki sonucu olabilir.<\/p>\n
N\u00fckleer Politika \u00dczerine Hukuk\u00e7ular Komitesi\u2019nin (LCNP) ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan John Burroughs yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ortak imzayla &com;ABD\u2019nin N\u00fckleer Silahlara Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Sonland\u0131rmak ve N\u00fckleer Silahlar\u0131n K\u00fcresel \u00d6l\u00e7ekte Ortadan Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131: Ak\u0131lc\u0131 Politika ve Hukuki Zorunluluk&com; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir bildiri yay\u0131nlayarak cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ya da ba\u015fka nedenle n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip olman\u0131n hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n
Yazarlar &com;Bu ortamda say\u0131lar\u0131 binleri bulan ABD n\u00fckleer cephaneli\u011fi ABD\u2019nin g\u00fcvenli\u011fine hizmet etmiyor. N\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n kendisi ABD\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en ciddi g\u00fcvenlik tehdidi haline geldi&com; diye yazd\u0131. <\/p>\n
Makale sava\u015f hukukunu ve silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 Lahey ve Cenevre Anla\u015fmalar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Uluslar aras\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi\u2019nin Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc ve Uluslar aras\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1996 tavsiye karar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda kavramla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Burroughs\u2019a g\u00f6re, &com;uluslar aras\u0131 hukukta n\u00fckleer silah kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabul edilmesi, ABD\u2019nin bu silahlar\u0131 kullanma tehdidinde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 da hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 hale getiriyor ve cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k politikas\u0131n\u0131n da hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Bir \u00fclke e\u011fer kullanmayacaksa neden n\u00fckleer silahlara sahip olmak ister ki?&com;<\/p>\n
Burroughs IPS\u2019e &com;T\u00fcmden yok olu\u015f tehdidine yaslanan \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc bir durumla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. Bu i\u00e7inde ya\u015famak isteyece\u011fimiz bir d\u00fcnya de\u011fil&com; dedi. \u00d6te yandan ABD, uluslararas\u0131 tepkileri \u0130ran, Kuzey Kore ve Suriye gibi \u00fclkelere y\u00f6nelterek ayn\u0131 zamanda n\u00fckleer cephaneli\u011fini de geli\u015ftirmeye devam ediyor. <\/p>\n
Burroughs IPS\u2019e &com;BM G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nin kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin n\u00fckleer silah sahibi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa \u015fu an devletlerin n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131 cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k arac\u0131 olarak kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in mahkemenin 1996\u2019daki tavsiye karar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir uluslar aras\u0131 dayanak bulunmuyor&com; dedi.<\/p>\n
&com;Fakat \u015fimdi Meksika Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ya da tehdit unsuru olarak g\u00f6sterilmesini su\u00e7 haline getirecek bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6neriyor&com; diye ekledi.<\/p>\n
&com;\u00dcye devletlerin yak\u0131n gelecekte bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe onay vermesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. N\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131 da Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde yasaklanan silahlar aras\u0131nda sokmak n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131 ilkesini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecektir.&com;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u0130RLE\u015eM\u0130\u015e M\u0130LLETLER, 9 Aral\u0131k, 2010 (IPS) – 1980\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n kabuslar\u0131 hafiflerken ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ronald Reagan ve Rusya devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mikhail Gorba\u00e7ov \u0130zlanda\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Reykavik\u2019te bulu\u015farak &com;n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131&com; konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":75,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-headlines"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/75"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=126"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}