BROOKL\u0130N, Kanada, 9 \u015eubat (IPS) – Bilim insanlar\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini yaratan en \u00f6nemli etkenlerden biri olan sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131 geldikleri yere, topra\u011fa geri g\u00f6mmenin at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlardan biri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Harvard \u00dcniversitesi \u00c7evre Merkezi direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Daniel Schrag, k\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan elektrik santrallerinden \u00e7\u0131kan karbon dioksiti al\u0131p tekrar yeralt\u0131na yada deniz dibine g\u00f6mmeyi &com;\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 100 y\u0131lda \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde duran en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorun&com; diye tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
&com;Karbonu Yakalamaya Haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken&com; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporda yazan Schrag\u2019a g\u00f6re k\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00f6nemli bir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 ve atmosferdeki CO2 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sebebi olmaya devam edecek. &com;Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda k\u00f6m\u00fcr t\u00fcm CO2 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 80\u2019inin \u2013bug\u00fcnk\u00fc oran\u0131n iki kat\u0131- m\u00fcsebbibi haline gelebilir&com;.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6m\u00fcr do\u011fal gaza g\u00f6re iki kat fazla emisyon \u00fcretiyor ama ucuz ve \u00e7ok bulunan bir do\u011fal kaynak. ABD, Hindistan ve \u00c7in\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fcyen enerji ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131yla orant\u0131l\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervleri var. Binlerce yeni termik santralin kurulmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Schrag gibi CO2 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in onu yakalay\u0131p g\u00f6mmenin i\u015fe yarayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunan onlarca bilim insan\u0131, \u00e7evreci ve politikac\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma program\u0131 direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Robert Watson &com;Hindistan ve \u00c7in gelecek emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini durduramay\u0131z&com; diyor. Per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc bir bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda konu\u015fan Watson sanayile\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin karbon yakalama teknolojisi \u00fczerine Hindistan ve \u00c7in\u2019le birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. <\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan Kalgari, Alberta\u2019dan bulunan ve \u00e7evre \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Pembina Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden Mary Griffiths &com;emisyonlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in ilk se\u00e7ene\u011fin karbon yakalama ve depolama olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131&com; belirtiyor. <\/p>\n
&com;Bu ikinci hatta \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc se\u00e7enek bile de\u011fil. CO2 emisyonlar\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmek, enerji verimlili\u011fini sa\u011flamak, yenilenebilir enerji ve tutumlu kullan\u0131m \u00e7ok daha etkili y\u00f6ntemler&com;.<\/p>\n
IPS\u2019e konu\u015fan Griffiths &com;\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir sorun ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in elimizde olan t\u00fcm ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanmam\u0131z gerekli&com; dedi.<\/p>\n
Bu ara\u00e7lardan biri de tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 &com;temiz&com; k\u00f6m\u00fcr teknolojisi. Termik santrallerden \u00e7\u0131kan CO2\u2019yi yakalamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6zel bir kimyasal i\u015flemden ge\u00e7irilmesi veya gazla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Schrag\u2019a g\u00f6re, her iki y\u00f6ntem de fazladan enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor ve maliyeti y\u00fczde 50\u2019yte varan oranda artt\u0131r\u0131yor. Daha sonra da CO2\u2019nin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve yeralt\u0131nda bir depoya pompalanmas\u0131 gerekli.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yeterli yer alt\u0131 depolama alan\u0131 bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor fakat bu tip alanlardan s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplayam\u0131yor. Schrag her y\u0131l milyonlarca ton CO2\u2019nin depolanmas\u0131 ve birka\u00e7 bin y\u0131l boyunca orada kalmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in CO2\u2019yi denizalt\u0131na depolamak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olabilir fakar bu da \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem. Bu uygulaman\u0131n hen\u00fcz ticari uygulamalar\u0131 yok ama y\u00f6ntemin teknik olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren birka\u00e7 deney var. En b\u00fcy\u00fck proje Kanada\u2019da da s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Eski bir petrol alan\u0131na d\u00f6rt y\u0131l boyunca Kuzey Dakota\u2019daki k\u00f6m\u00fcr gazland\u0131rma fabrikas\u0131ndan gelen be\u015f milyon ton CO2 pompaland\u0131. Proje Kanada, Avrupa Birli\u011fi, Japonya ve ABD taraf\u0131ndan destekleniyor.<\/p>\n
Maliyetin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu y\u00f6ntemle ilgili g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131 da var. CO2 havadan daha a\u011f\u0131r ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir gaz; 1986\u2019da Nyos G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nde ya\u015fanan do\u011fal felakette 1 700 ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n
K\u00f6m\u00fcr end\u00fcstrisinin \u00e7evreye etkileri bir yana, \u015fu an en tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 konu bu deneylerin maliyetini kimin kar\u015f\u0131layaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine.<\/p>\n
Griffiths &com;H\u00fck\u00fcmetler karbondioksit yakalama ve depolama teknolojisine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmamal\u0131, bu i\u015fi \u015firketler \u00fcstlenmeli&com; diyor.<\/p>\n
&com;H\u00fck\u00fcmetler CO2 emisyonlar\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131r koymal\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece bu tip teknolojiler i\u00e7in bir Pazar olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131&com; diye ekledi. <\/p>\n
\u015eu an Kuzey Amerika\u2019da b\u00f6yle bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama bulunmuyor. Avrupa\u2019da s\u0131n\u0131rlama var fakat olu\u015fan pazarda CO2 fiyatlar\u0131 bu tip ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u00f6zendirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede. Schrag, bu duruma g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 da ekleyince \u015firketlerin uzun d\u00f6nemli yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. <\/p>\n
FutureGen, George W. Bush y\u00f6netiminin \u0131srarla \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 hemen hemen hi\u00e7 gaz sal\u0131m\u0131 olmayan ve ticari olarak uygulanabilir k\u00f6m\u00fcr enerjisi teknolojisinin ad\u0131. 2003\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131klanan, kamu-\u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen milyar dolarl\u0131k projede hen\u00fcz santral in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir yer tespit edilemedi.<\/p>\n
Kanada h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin in\u015fa etti\u011fi SaskPower ise d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk sal\u0131n\u0131ms\u0131z k\u00f6m\u00fcr santral\u0131 olma konusunda FutureGen\u2019i ge\u00e7ebilir. 200 bin n\u00fcfuslu bir \u015fehre yetebilecek 300 megavatl\u0131k santralin in\u015faat\u0131na bu y\u0131l ba\u015flanmas\u0131 bekleniyor. <\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte, bu projelerin hi\u00e7birinin i\u015fe yarayaca\u011f\u0131na dair bir garanti yok. Uzmanlar CO2 \u00fcretmeyen k\u00f6m\u00fcr santralleri i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde uzun bir zaman oldu\u011funu belirtyor. <\/p>\n
Reuters\u2019e konu\u015fan Alman E.ON \u015firketi y\u00f6neticisi Wulf Bernotat &com;Karbonsuz k\u00f6m\u00fcr en az 10-20 y\u0131l daha m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil&com; diyor. <\/p>\n
Avrupa\u2019daki k\u00f6m\u00fcr santralleri ilk olarak verimlili\u011fi artt\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermi\u015f durumda. Fakat bu y\u00fczde 5 ya da 10\u2019luk kazan\u00e7lar iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yeterli olmayacak. Schrag, yeterli se\u00e7ene\u011fin olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ABD\u2019nin 10 ila 20 karbon yakalama ve depolama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 desteklemesi gerekti\u011fini yaz\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
&com;ABD ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131, \u015fimdi de\u011filse bile yak\u0131nda ve \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda karbon haczetmek zorunda&com;. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
BROOKL\u0130N, Kanada, 9 \u015eubat (IPS) – Bilim insanlar\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini yaratan en \u00f6nemli etkenlerden biri olan sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131 geldikleri yere, topra\u011fa geri g\u00f6mmenin at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlardan biri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-headlines"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ipsnews.net\/turkce\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}