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GERMANY: East Is East
By Wolfgang Kerler
LEIPZIG, Germany, Oct 15 (IPS) - Twenty years after the Berlin Wall came down, rifts between east and west
Germany remain: east Germans vote differently, are earning less money, and are
more pessimistic than west Germans.
"Many east German people are frustrated," civil rights activist Rainer Müller
tells IPS. He was among the citizens of Leipzig that initiated the Peaceful
Revolution in the late 1980s that ended the socialist dictatorship.
"We thought we would come into paradise," Müller says. "Everything seemed
possible in 1989."
Compared to the grey and dreary cities of socialist East Germany, with people
lining up in front of shops to snatch scarce products like bananas or coffee,
the wealth of capitalist West Germany seemed like a wonderful promise. "But
hopes were too high," says Müller.
Although visitors driving through east Germany today will find perfectly
refurbished city centres with crowded shopping districts and modern office
buildings, appearances are deceiving: the newly formed federal states in east
Germany still take financial aid from west Germany.
In 2008 alone, almost 80 billion euros was transferred to the east. Twelve
percent of east Germans are jobless, compared to seven percent of west
Germans. An average worker in East Germany earns about 30 percent less
than his west German counterpart - a gap that has not shrunk in recent
years.
"Eastern Germany is in need of the high incomes of company headquarters,"
Ulrich Blum, president of Halle Institute of Economic Research (IWH), said at a
news conference in Berlin.
None of the 30 major companies listed on Germany's most important stock
market index DAX has its headquarters in east Germany, which has 20
percent of the German population of 82 million.
But through their Peaceful Revolution, East Germans did not just import
capitalism from the western part of the country, but also democracy.
Instead of the farce elections under the socialist regime of the SED Party
(Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands), people now have the right to
vote in free elections. There is no secret police any more suppressing and
jailing the opposition.
"I am glad that my children are growing up in a free country," Müller says.
"We wanted freedom - and we got it. Nobody said it would come without
personal responsibility."
In the federal elections on Sep. 27 this year, the Left Party - successor of the
once ruling SED - won almost a third of the popular vote of east Germans,
while playing only a minor role in western federal states. Voter turnout in the
newly formed federal states stayed well below the western level.
The Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach (Ifd) found out in a recent survey that
two in three East Germans see more differences between east and west than
things in common. A majority in the east think of themselves as east Germans
rather than Germans - contrary to the situation in west Germany, where a
vast majority of people considered themselves Germans, not west Germans.
A survey by Allianz Deutschland AG, a major insurance company, found west
Germans more optimistic. While 55 percent of west Germans were confident
about their personal future in September 2009, only 42 percent of east
Germans were looking ahead optimistically. But that was still more than one
year ago.
Twenty years ago, Rainer Müller was there when the ruling communist party
SED with its brutal secret police, the Stasi, surrendered to the East German
people: 70,000 citizens gathered in the city centre Leipzig on Oct. 9, 1989,
demanding peace and freedom - and the 8,000-plus security forces were not
asked to stop the peaceful protest march.
"We had a dream," Müller said. "And after all, it was worth it."
On Nov. 9, 1989, the Berlin Wall - for 28 years the symbol of Germany's
division - fell. On Dec. 22, 1989, pedestrians were allowed to pass through
Germany's most famous landmark again, the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin. On
Oct. 3, 1990, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) became part of the
Federal Republic of Germany.
According to Ifd, 20 years after the Wall came down, two in three East
Germans are still glad that after a 40-year long division, Germany became
one country again. (END/2009)
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