India and Pakistan have fought four wars since gaining independence from colonial rule and undergoing partition in 1947. The hostility is embodied in the conflict over the state of Jammu and Kashmir. After the 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai, which left 180 dead, the tension has escalated. Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh accused Pakistan of supporting the terrorists; and Pakistan’s Interior Minister Rehman Malik admitted they were partly plotted in Pakistan. But not all is about what both governments say or do, civil society also plays a role. |